Citric Acid (Citric Acid)

Citric Acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) and multifunctional cosmetic ingredient primarily used as a pH adjuster and buffering agent to keep formulas within an optimal, skin-compatible pH range. By helping control pH, it supports product stability, preservative efficacy, and overall performance across a wide variety of water-based systems (cleansers, toners, creams, serums). At appropriate levels, it can also provide a mild exfoliating effect, contributing to smoother skin feel and improved radiance, though its main role in most formulations remains pH management. It is generally well tolerated, but higher concentrations or low-pH products may cause stinging or irritation, especially on sensitive or compromised skin, so usage is tailored to the product’s function and safety assessment.